TE 88 MULTI-STATION FRICTION & WEAR TEST MACHINE

 





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    Background

    The TE 88 Multi-Station Friction and Wear Test Machine is design for wear testing of materials under high contact pressures in pin on disc, block on ring or reciprocating pin on plate modes. In reciprocating mode the machine can perform tests in the ASTM F 732 geometry, in Pin on Disc mode according to ASTM G 99, and in Block on Ring Mode according to ASTM G 77. The machine may be supplied with one, two and three Pin on Disc, Block on Ring or Reciprocating Pin on Plate test stations. It incorporates an integrated SUPERSLIM Serial Link Interface Module and COMPEND 2000software running on a host PC.

    TE 88/BU Base Unit

    The base unit comprises an a.c. variable speed gear-motor and a control and data acquisition system. These are transferred between the Pin on Disc, Block on Ring and Pin on Plate modules, depending on the tests configurations required.

    TE 88/LFW Load/Friction/Wear Measurement Assembly

    For each test station installed, a load/friction/wear assembly is required. These are transferred between the Pin on Disc, Block on Ring and Pin on Plate modules, depending on the tests configurations required.

    The loading beam is pivoted at one end and a pneumatic bellows is used to apply a load at the other end. The bellows system presents a constant inertial stiffness over the whole load range and thereby reduces the inertia effects on test data. A force transducer mounted on the bellows allows the applied load to be measured. Load is adjusted by means of a manually set precision regulator.

    The load beam pivot is trunnion mounted and restrained from movement, when in the horizontal position, by pads mounted on the load application bracket. A strain gauge force transducer mounts on the load beam and fits between these pads when the arm is horizontal thus allowing the friction signal to be sensed.

    The transducer output connects to a strain gauge amplifier module and the output from this may be connected direct to the interface for uni-directional friction measurements (pin on disc and block on ring tests). The output may also be passed through a true rms/dc converter and then connected to the interface to give averaged friction readings in reciprocating pin on plate mode.

    An LVDT is mounted in contact with the underside of the load beam. As the pin or block wears, the vertical movement of the load beam is detected by the transducer. Wear of up to 1.5 mm at the contact can be measured. The LVDT is self-powered and plugs directly into the interface.

    TE 88/R Reciprocating Pin on Plate Module

    The TE 88/R module can accommodate up to three test stations. Flat plate specimens are mounted in a reservoir to retain lubricating fluid with a lid to avoid spillage and reduce evaporation during long-term tests. Each station is fitted with electrical heating (for temperatures up to 400°C) and a thermocouple. The reservoirs are mounted on a common plate, which is located by ball bushings on a linear bearing assembly. The plate is reciprocated by variable throw crank.

    TE 88/P Pin on Disc Module

    The TE 88/P module can accommodate up to three pin on disc test stations. A heated non-rotating fluid enclosure is provided with each test station allowing tests to be performed in fluid environments with a temperature limit of 200°C. A lid is provided to minimise fluid splashing. A thermocouple is fitted to the lower part of the enclosure to monitor and control the temperature.

    TE 88/B Block on Ring Module

    The TE 88/B module can accommodate up to three test stations. The ring specimen is mounted on a horizontal test shaft. Test may be performed under ambient conditions.

    TE 88/TW Thrust Washer Test Adapter

    TE 88/TW adapted is used in conjunction with the TE 88/P Pin on Disc Module and allows tests to be performed using thrust washer test specimens in accordance with ASTM D3702. A force transducer is included for measurement of torque.

    TE 88/HT High Temperature Pin on Disc Test Adapter

    An optional higher temperature air heating system TE 88/HT is available for use with ONE station of Pin on Disc module only. The TE 88/P heated fluid enclosure is replaced by a stainless steel enclosure with inlet and outlet ports.

    Hot air from a electrically heated blower unit is then directed into the inlet port and a chimney directs the exhaust upwards from the outlet port. The temperature of the disc specimen is measured using an optical pyrometer.

    Control and Data Acquisition

    The TE 88 has PC based sequence programmable control and data acquisition. This is provided by an integrated Serial Link Interface Module and COMPEND 2000 software running on a host PC, operating under Windows. Data is stored to hard disc in standard spread sheet compatible file formats (.csv or .tsv).

    Tests are defined by a sequence of steps, each step containing set-point, data recording rates and alarm level information. Set-points may be adjusted by step change or ramp. The test sequence is followed unless interrupted by the operator or an alarm. Set-points may also be adjusted manually using on screen toggles.

    Purchasing Examples

    ONE Station Pin on Disc, Block on Ring, Reciprocating Pin on Plate Machine with Wear Transducer:

    TE 88/BU Base Unit
    TE 88/LFW Load/Friction Measurement Assembly
    TE 88/R-1 Reciprocating Pin on Plate Module
    TE 88/P-1 Pin on Disc Module
    TE 88/B-1 Block on Ring Module

    THREE Station Reciprocating Pin on Plate Machine:

    TE 88/BU Base Unit
    TE 88/LFW Load/Friction Measurement Assembly
    TE 88/LFW Load/Friction Measurement Assembly
    TE 88/LFW Load/Friction Measurement Assembly
    TE 88/R-3 Reciprocating Pin on Plate Module – Three Test Stations

    ONE Station High Temperature Pin on Disc Machine:

    TE 88/BU Base Unit
    TE 88/LFW Load/Friction Measurement Assembly
    TE 88/P-1 Pin on Disc Module – One Test Station
    TE 88/HT High Temperature Pin on Disc Test Adapter

     

     

  • Technical Specifications

    TE 88 Base Unit
    Interface: Serial Link Interface Module
    Software: COMPEND 2000
    Motor: 2.2 kW ac
    TE 88/LFW Load/Friction Measurement Assembly
    Normal Load: 10 to 1,000N
    Signal Conditioning: Strain Gauge Amplifier Module
    Friction Force Range: 500 N
    Signal Conditioning: Strain Gauge Amplifier Module
    RMS/DC Converter Module
    Wear: LVDT
    Range: 1.5 mm
    Resolution: 1 µm
    Specimen Holder: 8 mm and 5.5 mm diameter pins
    Optional Holders: 10 mm and 6 mm diameter balls
    TE 88/R Reciprocating Pin on Plate Module
    Contact Configurations: Pin on Plate
    Ball on Plate
    Number of Stations: Three
    Temperature Range: Ambient to 400°C
    Heating Power: 800 W
    Temperature sensor: k-type thermocouple
    Stroke/Frequency: Up to 25 mm at 2 Hz
    Up to 50 mm at 1 Hz
    TE 88/P Pin on Disc Module
    Contact Configurations: Pin on Disc
    Ball on Disc
    Optional Configuration: Thrust Washer
    Number of Stations: One, Two or Three
    Disc Diameter: 75 mm
    Track Radius: 0 to 35 mm
    Fluid Temperature: Ambient to 200°C
    Heating Power: 800 W
    Temperature sensor: k-type thermocouple
    Rotation Speed: 30 to 1,000 rpm
    Sliding Velocity: 0.12 to 4 m/s
    TE 88/B Block on Ring Module
    Contact Configurations: Block on Ring
    Ball on Ring
    Number of Stations: One, Two or Three
    Ring Diameter: 80 mm
    Rotation Speed: 30 to 1,000 rpm
    TE 88/TW Thrust Washer Test Adapters
    Thrust Washer: 1.125 inch O/D according to ASTM D 3702
    2 inch O/D according to ASTM D 3702
    TE 88/HT High Temperature Pin on Disc Test Adapter
    Temperature Range: up to 400°C
    Air Heating Power: 2.8 kW
    Temperature sensing: Optical Pyrometer
    Automatically Controlled Parameters Rotational Speed
    Test Duration
    Manually Controlled Parameters Load
    Measured Parameters Friction
    Load
    Temperature
    Wear
    Rotational Speed
    Number of Revolutions
    Test Duration
    Sliding Speed
    Oscillating Frequency
    Friction Coefficient
    Sliding Distance
    Services
    Electricity: 220/240V, single phase, 50 Hz, 3 kW
    110/120 V, single phase, 60 Hz, 3 kW
    Clean, dry air: 4 cfm at 8 bar (120 psi)
    Installation
    Bench-mounting machine: 1,300 x 720 x 850 mm high, 250 kg
    Bench-mounting cabinet: 530 x 530 x 350 mm high, 40 kg
    Packing Specifications: 1.25 m3, GW 271 kg, NW 193 kg

  • Applications

    abrasion resistance
    abrasive wear
    adhesive wear
    ball on cylinder
    ball on disc
    bearing materials
    block on ring
    coatings
    composite materials
    delamination wear
    dry contact conditions
    dynamic friction
    friction coefficient
    LPV testing
    mild wear
    multi-station
    non-ferrous materials
    oxidative wear
    pin on disc
    pin on plate
    plain bearings
    plastics
    powder metallurgy
    PV diagrams
    thrust washer
    UHMWPE
    wear coefficient
    wear mapping

  • Publications

    Paper # 376 The Effects of Additive Elements on the Sliding Wear Behaviour of Fe-base Hardfacing Alloys
    Lee K Y, Lee S H, Kim Y, Hong H S, Oh Y M, Kim S J,
    Wear 255 (2003) 481 – 488
    Paper # 572 Wear Behaviour of Plasma Sprayed WC-Ni Coatings
    C Tekmen, H Cetinel, A Turk, E Celik
    Key Engineering Materials Volume 264 – 268 (2004) p. 589 – 592
    Paper # 630 Wear behaviour of thermal flame sprayed FeCr coatings on plain carbon steel substrate
    B Uyulgan, E Dokumaci, E Celik, I Kayatekin, NF Ak Azema, I Ozdemira, M Toparli,
    Journal of Materials Processing Technology Volume 190, Issues 1-3, 23 July 2007, p. 204-210
    Paper # 682 Tribological behavior of Cr2O3 coatings as bearing materials
    Hakan Cetinel, Erdal Celik and Murat I Kusoglu
    Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Volume 196, Issues 1-3, 21 January 2008, p. 259-265
    Paper # 745 Assessing the Tribocorrosion Performance of Three Different Nickel-Based Superalloys
    KC Tekin
    Tribology Letters 2010 Volume 37, Number 3, 563-572
    Paper # 776 Optimization of reinforcement content and sliding distance for AlSi7Mg/SiCp composites using response surface methodology
    M Bayhan
    Materials & Design 2010 Volume 31, Issue 6, p. 3015-3022
    Paper # 839 Evaluation of Die-Soldering and Erosion Resistance of High Velocity Oxy-Fuel Sprayed MoB-Based Cermet Coatings
    FF Khan, G Bae, K Kang, H Na, J Kim
    Journal of Thermal Spray Technology Volume 20, Number 5, 1022-1034
    Paper # 887 Tribological properties of plasma electrolytic oxide coatings on magnesium alloys
    KC Tekin, U Malayoglu
    Tribology – Materials, Surfaces & Interfaces, Volume 6, Number 2, June 2012 , pp. 67-74(8)
    Paper # 1060 Tribology Testing of Lubrication and Surface Treatment of Tool Interfaces in Hot Forging of Aluminium
    CE Eggen
    Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet ; Trondheim, June 2016
    Paper # 1144  The Role of Oxide Tribofilms on Friction and Wear of Different Thermally Sprayed WC-CoCr
    JAR Wesmann, S Kuroda, N Espallargas
    Journal of Thermal Spray Technology – February 2017, Volume 26, Issue 3, pp 492–502
    Paper # 1182 Effect of Contamination on the Friction and Wear of Carboxylic Acids in Aqueous Lubricants
    S Bernat, S Armada, N Espallargas
    Tribology Letters December 2018, 66:158
    Paper # 1192 Friction Mechanisms by Carboxylic Acids in Aqueous Lubricants
    S Bernat, S Armada, N Espallargas
    Tribology Letters September 2018, 66:8
    Paper # 1233 Tribological Behavior of Polymer Seal Materials in Water-Based Hydraulic Fluids
    S Bernat, A Brink, M Lucas
    J. Tribol 140(6), (May 21, 2018)
    Paper # 1342   Formulation and Testing of New Environmentally Acceptable Lubricants (EAL) for Use in Maritime Gear Components
    MG Aspnes
    2019 – ntnuopen.ntnu.no

     



  • User List

    Launched 1997

    EADS Germany
    Ostthuringishe Materialprufgesellschaft Germany
    Technical Universitaet Harburg, Hamburg Germany
    Chonbuk National University Korea
    Dong Ui University Korea
    Hang Yang University Korea
    Keimyung University Korea
    POSCO Kwangyang Korea
    SINTEF/NTNU Norway
    University of Cartagena Spain
    Kinetics Corporation Thailand
    Eylul University Turkey
    Smith & Nephew Ltd UK

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